The agreement Indo-Russian Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) was signed between New Delhi and Moscow last year in February.
The agreement was ratified by Russia in December 2025, on the eve of the visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to New Delhi for the annual bilateral summit.
Modi last visited Russia in 2019, when he attended the Eastern Economic Forum and the annual bilateral summit, a process instituted in 2000. The last talks between the two leaders were in December 2021, during Putin’s visit to India.
While India and Russia have identified ways to overcome the existing gaps in their domestic structures to enable greater bilateral cooperation, the biggest external obstacle faced by their partnership today is from the growing confrontation between the United States and China.