The ongoing violence marks a dramatic escalation of tensions linked to the potential eviction of Palestinian families from East Jerusalem by Israeli settlers and access to one of the most sacred sites in the city, which is a key hub for Islam, Judaism and Christianity.

UN Secretary-General António Guterresexpressed his deep concern at the situation in a statement at the weekend, while the UN Security Council held an emergency meeting on the issue on Monday, without so far issuing a public statement.

In Geneva, UN rights office spokesperson Rupert Colville cited reports that more than 900 Palestinians had been injured between 7 and 10 May in East Jerusalem, and over 200 in the West Bank, “most by Israeli security forces”, some of whom had also been hurt.

Rocket attacks into Israel

Palestinian armed groups, meanwhile, had launched “some 250 rockets towards Israel in the past 24 hours” with at least 17 Israeli civilians reportedly injured, the OHCHRofficial said.

This use of indiscriminate weapons “is strictly prohibited under international humanitarian law and must stop immediately”.

Aerial targeting

Airstrikes had been carried out in Gaza by Israeli Defense Forces, Mr. Colville continued, citing reports that 24 Palestinians had been killed, including nine children and one woman.

“Israel must respect international humanitarian law, in particular the cardinal principles on the conduct of hostilities, namely distinction, proportionality and precautions”, he said. “Any attack, including airstrikes, should be directed solely at military objectives and all feasible precautions must be taken to avoid civilian deaths and injury and damage to civilian objects.”

The development follows protests in Jerusalem at the potential imminent eviction of Palestinian families from the Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan neighborhoods, as the holy month of Ramadan comes to an end and as families break their daily fast with their evening meal, or iftar.

Last Friday also saw violent clashes between Israeli police and Palestinians reportedly blocked from reaching Jerusalem’s Haram Al-Sharif/Temple Mount compound for prayers.

“Certainly, what we are seeing is extremely worrying and certainly when you see the treatment to some of the protesters and even people who weren’t protesting”, said Mr. Colville. “People who were simply praying or people who were having their iftar, who’ve been subjected to violence or completely unprovoked responses by the security forces.”

Family eviction threat

According to the UN agency responsible for assisting Palestinian refugees, UNRWA, eight Sheikh Jarrah families are under threat of eviction, in all, around 75 people.

“These families are Palestine refugees, who lost both their original homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict”, UNRWA said in a statement. “In 1956, these refugee families moved into Sheikh Jarrah with the support of the Jordanian government and material assistance from UNRWA following their displacement. They have resided in these homes for nearly 70 years. They are now at risk of being displaced for the second time in living memory.”

Violence at Temple Mount

Asked by journalists at a regular UN Geneva briefing about the Israeli security forces’ actions towards Palestinian protesters, the OHCHR spokesperson noted that “in some instances, particularly when the police entered the Haram Al-Sharif/Temple Mount compound using tear gas, stun grenades, sponge-tipped bullets, physical force and in some cases, that appeared unwarranted, disproportionated or indiscriminate.”

Two top UN-appointed independent rights experts added their voice to concerns on Tuesday over Israel’s “aggressive response” to protests in East Jerusalem, before calling on Israel “as the occupying power”, to immediately lift eviction threat from hundreds of Palestinian households.

“Re-establishing calm in Jerusalem is important, but creating the conditions for justice and equality in the City are even more important”, said Michael Lynk, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian Territory occupied since 1967 and Balakrishnan Rajagopal, Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living.

“Neither short-term calm nor long-term peace will be accomplished as long as the national and individual rights of the City’s Palestinian population are routinely abrogated,” they said, noting that Israel occupied East Jerusalem, along with the West Bank and Gaza, in 1967.

“Over the past five decades, it has built 13 settlements, housing more than 220,000 Jewish settlers, in East Jerusalem,” the experts said, insisting that two “inherently discriminatory” Israeli laws were used as the basis for the eviction threat of Palestinians.

Humanitarian needs

The UN Humanitarian Coordinator for the region, Lynn Hastings, issued a statementcalling for the escalation in fighting to stop “to avoid more deaths and injuries.”

She said needs would likely rise in the Gaza Strip, especially with the drain on healthcare due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, while movement of humanitarian personnel and the entry of goods subject to Israeli blockade, “must be continuously allowed.”

“All parties have obligations under international humanitarian law; the principles of distinction, precaution and proportionality in the use of force, must be adhered to”, she said. “Airstrikes in densely populated areas, risk violating these principles.”